Minds On
Let’s get started!
Exploring symbols
Explore the following symbols.
A set of symbols including: a figure of a person, an arrow pointing left, a dove, a question mark, a dollar sign, a white cross on a red background, a stoplight, a bonfire, a thermometer.
- What does each of the symbols mean to you?
- How do people use symbols to communicate specific ideas and messages?
- What other common symbols can you think of?
Record your responses using a method of your choice. If possible, share your thoughts with a partner.
Source: (Paul Cummings, “Interview: Keith Haring Talks With Paul Cummings,” Drawing, May-June 1989, p. 11)
Source: (Jason Rubell, “Keith Haring: The Last Interview,” Arts Magazine, September 1990, p. 59)
Action
Get ready, get set…
Symbols
There are many symbols that we use in our everyday lives.
These symbols can have the same meaning around the world, but they can also have diverse meanings depending on how they are used in cultures and communities. There can even be symbols that mean something special just to you and your friends or family.
A set of symbols including: a figure of a person, an arrow pointing left, a dove, a question mark, a dollar sign, a white cross on a red background, a stoplight, a bonfire, a thermometer.
Symbols can also be used by artists to create specific meanings in their artwork. One artist known for their use of symbols is Keith Haring.
Keith Haring

Keith Haring in front of his Pisa Mural in 1989
Keith Haring was an American artist based in New York City that used public spaces as his canvas.
In the 1980s, Haring drew figures and symbols on black panels in the subway where advertisers would normally post their ads. During this time he created thousands of drawings that were accessible to anyone that used the subway.

Kwong Chi, Tseng. Keith Haring. 1983, New York.
Keith Haring using chalk to draw on a large black chalkboard beside two advertisements on a subway platform. He is writing “Happy Valentine New York” above a human figure with a heart for a head. The human figure is holding up a heart with lines emanating from it. A subway rider watches Haring work.
Explore the following quotes from Keith Haring that express how he felt while creating subway art.
“I was always totally amazed that the people I would meet while I was doing them were
really, really concerned with what they meant. The first thing anyone asked me, no
matter how old, no matter who they were, was what does
it mean?”
- Keith Haring
“I was learning, watching people's reactions and interactions with the drawings and with
me and looking at it as a phenomenon. Having this incredible feedback from people, which
is one of the main things that kept me going
so long, was the participation of the people that were watching me and the kinds of
comments and questions and observations that were coming from every range of person you
could imagine, from little kids to old ladies to
art historians.”
- Keith Haring
- Why was creating subway art important to Haring?
- How do you think creating subway art might have informed Haring's later work?
Record your answers using a method of your choice. If possible, share your thoughts with a partner.
What is semiotics?
Keith Haring studied semiotics and became very interested in developing a variety of symbols in his artwork.
Semiotics
Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols, and of how their meanings are created.
Haring developed his own vocabulary of symbols. His art became so popular that it was featured in public murals, entertainment venues, galleries, and museums around the world.
Creating art was a way that Haring could communicate his thoughts and opinions. As an activist, he also used his artwork to comment on social justice issues. Even when he achieved success, Haring remained dedicated to helping others and shared his art for free at rallies and events.
Examining symbols
Examine the following image of symbols from Keith Haring's artwork.

A collection of common symbols from the artwork of Keith Haring. They are simplified figures and shapes with black outlines filled with pure primary or secondary colours. All of the symbols are separated by the negative space of the white background. Short, rounded lines around a symbol represent movement. Short, straight lines coming from a symbol represent sound. Alternating short and long lines that emanate from and surround a symbol represent energy. There are many human figures in diverse poses and hues, most appear to be dancing. Some figures have an X on their torso. One figure holds up a pyramid that has short and long lines emanating from it. One figure has the head of a dog with short lines coming from its mouth. One figure is pregnant with short and long lines emanating from their belly. One figure is bent over backwards on top of another figure. One figure has two heads and an X on their torso. One figure has a snake for a head and holds another figure upside down by their leg. One figure has large wings like an angel. One figure is upside down. One figure is touching a heart with short and long lines emanating from it. There are some figures of babies crawling on their hands and knees. One crawling baby has short and long lines emanating from it. One crawling baby appears on the screen of a television. Some crawling babies have short, rounded lines around them. There is a square with a smiling face that has three eyes. There is a robot. There is a flying saucer above a dog that has short and long lines emanating from it. There is a monkey with short, rounded lines around it. There is a dog with short lines coming from its mouth facing a light bulb with short and long lines emanating from it.
- How were line, colour, and shape used to create these symbols?
- What do you think some of these symbols mean?
- How might the meaning of these symbols change from person to person?
- What do these symbols remind you of?
Record your answers using a method of your choice. If possible, share your thoughts with a partner.
Line
A line is a path left by a moving point, such as a pencil or a digital drawing tool. A line can be a mark, a guide, or a boundary that leads the audience's attention in an artwork.
Colour
In scientific terms, colour is an attribute of an object when light bounces off it. The four characteristics of colour are hue, value, intensity, and temperature.
Shape
A shape is a form that is enclosed or outlined. A shape has length and width. A shape's boundary can be created by line, value, colour and/or texture.
Press ‘Answers’ to access possible answers.
- These symbols were created using black outlines of organic and geometric shapes filled with primary and secondary colours.
- The crawling baby may represent innocence. The heart may represent love. The barking dog may represent suspicion. The television may represent technology and the media.
- These symbols might have diverse meanings depending on which culture the audience is part of. Our understanding of symbols is also based on our individual perspectives.
- These symbols remind me of the emojis that people now use to communicate.
Go!
Analyzing symbols
Analyze the following painting and prints by completing the Analyzing Artwork: Keith Haring activity in your notebook or by using the following fillable and printable document. If you would like, you can use speech-to-text or audio recording tools to record your thoughts.
Record answers to the following questions: |
1) What message do you think Haring might be conveying through the symbols in each artwork? |
2) What symbols are special and important to you, your family, or your community? |
Press the ‘Activity’ button to access Analyzing Artwork: Keith Haring.

Untitled by Keith Haring, 1981
A painting of a face with a large smile inside of an outlined square on a bright, warm-hued yellow background. It has eyebrows, eyes with pupils, a nose, and an open-mouth smile showing its teeth and tongue with short, rounded lines at the corners its mouth.

Untitled by Keith Haring, 1987
A print of television with a head of a simplified person on the screen. The print uses pure primary colours. Short straight lines emanate from their head. The person is a warm-hued yellow on a warm-hued red background, and the television is a cool-hued blue with warm-hued yellow dials.

Pop Shop Quad 1 by Keith Haring, 1987
A print of four images arranged in a two-by-two grid containing simplified figures with black outlines filled with pure primary and secondary colours. In the first image, a warm-hued red figure and a cool-hued blue figure touch hands through a hole in the torso of a warm-hued yellow figure with their arms raised. The background is a cool-hued purple. Short straight lines emanate from the figure's torso, and there are short, rounded lines around their raised arms. In the second image, a cool-hued purple figure holds up a cool-hued blue figure above their head who has their arms and legs outstretched. The ground is a warm-hued red, and the background is a warm-hued yellow. Short straight lines emanate from the lifted figure's legs, and there are short, rounded lines around the arms of the figure lifting them up. In the third image, a warm-hued yellow figure and a warm-hued red figure have their arms around each other's shoulders and their knees bent. The ground is a cool-hued purple, and the background is a cool-hued blue. Alternating short and long lines emanate from the two figures' heads and shoulders. In the fourth image, two cool-hued blue figures with their knees bent and arms raised hold up a smaller, warm-hued yellow figure between them. The ground is a cool-hued purple, and the background is a warm-hued red.
Consolidation
Putting it all together
You are now going to create symbols. You can give any meaning to your symbols, then use semiotics to create an image with a specific message.

When you try to create your symbols, remember to give yourself time to practice. Artists practice techniques again and again to build their skills. You can do it, too!
Materials Needed
Materials you might need
Materials you might need include:
- drawing tools (like a pen, marker, or pencil)
- colouring tools (like markers, pencil crayons, or highlighters)
- paper
Student Success
Exploring digital creation options
When you are considering digital creation options, explore the variety of digital applications available!
Note to teachers: See your teacher guide for collaboration tools, ideas and suggestions.
Safety
Before you begin, consider these safety precautions:
Creating symbols
Creation options
Explore the following carousel of the three possible methods that you can use to create your art with symbols.
Consider using contour lines to keep your symbols simple and directional lines to suggest movement.
Contour line
A contour line is a line that defines an outline or edge of a shape or form.
Directional line
A directional line is a line or outline of shapes that create a path for the audience's attention.
Steps
Choose one of the previous options, then press the following tabs to access the steps for creating your symbols.
Decide what symbols you want to use then create a rough outline of your artwork by lightly marking a composition that communicates your message.
Create your symbols then go over their outlines with a dark drawing tool to make them bold.
You can also use colour as a symbol that adds to your message. Add bright colours to complete your artwork.
Pause and Reflect
Time to reflect
When you are finished creating your symbols, reflect on the following questions:
- How do you feel about your symbols and their message?
- What would you like to continue to practice?
- Why are symbols important?
- Should everyone have the same understanding of specific symbols? Why or why not?
Record your answers using a method of your choice.
Portfolio
Track your progress
If you have an art portfolio, put your symbols in there so that you can track your progress over time.
Share your artwork or description with a partner, if possible.
Reflection
As you read through these descriptions, which sentence best describes how you are feeling about your understanding of this learning activity? Press the button that is beside this sentence.
I feel…
Now, record your ideas using a voice recorder, speech-to-text, or writing tool.