Grade 8 History New France / BNA / Creating Canada

Acknowledgements

Some images supplied by Getty Images. Other images, graphs, diagrams, and illustrations in this course, unless otherwise specified, are TVO created.

Learning Activity 1

The Fathers of Confederation, Rex Woods, URL: https://www.ourcommons.ca/About/HistoryArtsArchitecture/fine_arts/historical/609-e.htm, Published 1968, Accessed 04/08/2021.

George Brown, Hunter & Co, URL: https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/CollectionSearch/Pages/record.aspx?app=FonAndCol&IdNumber=3213213, Published ca. 1880, Accessed 10/08/2021. :ibrary and Archives Canada / C-009553.

Sir George Etienne Cartier, politician, Montreal, QC, 1871, William Notman, URL: https://collections.musee-mccord-stewart.ca/en/objects/108770/sir-georgeetienne-cartier-politicien-montreal-qc-1871?ctx=b127df8be47e30e12be1f3c016627e26be4695df&idx=8, Published 1871, Accessed 04/08/2021. Object Number I-67119.

Sir John A. Macdonald, Attorney General of Canada, West (Ontario), 1857. Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada from 1867-1873 and 1878, to his death on June 6, 1891, Unknown, URL: https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3241793&lang=eng&ecopy=c009267-v6, Published 1857, Accessed 04/08/2021. NPC-33.

Baroness Agnes Macdonald (née Bernard), William Notman, URL: https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3218757&lang=eng&ecopy=c006511-v6, Published n.d, Accessed 18/08/2021. C-006511.

The Fathers of Confederation, Rex Woods, URL: https://www.ourcommons.ca/About/HistoryArtsArchitecture/fine_arts/historical/609-e.htm, Published 1968, Accessed 04/08/2021.

LINK:Confederation, 1867, The Canadian Encyclopedia, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/confederation-1867, Accessed 04/08/2021.

Professional Exchange, Digital Museums Canada, URL: www.virtualmuseum.ca/edu/, Accessed 04/08/2021.

Fathers of Confederation, The Canadian Encyclopedia, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fathers-of-confederation, Accessed 04/08/2021.

Learning Activity 2

Royal Proclamation of 1763, Library and Archives Canada, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Proclamation_of_1763.jpg, Published 1763, Accessed 04/08/2021.

Westward the course of empire takes its way, Copyright holder unknown, Published 1868, Accessed 13/01/2026.

Two Row Wampum Belt, Onondaga Nation, URL: https://www.onondaganation.org/culture/wampum/two-row-wampum-belt-guswenta/, Accessed 20/07/2021.

Treaty Medals, Treaty Relations Commission of Manitoba, URL: http://www.trcm.ca/about-us/trcm-medal/, Accessed 05/08/2021.

Treaties 1 and 2, Gretchen Albers, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaties-1-and-2, Published Thu Dec 10 2015 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time), Accessed 05/08/2021.

Confederation, P. B. Waite, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/confederation, Published 29/10/2019, Accessed 05/08/2021.

What Are Treaty Rights?, Online Indigenous Awareness Training, URL: https://www.indigenousawarenesscanada.com/indigenous-awareness/what-are-treaty-rights/, Published 14/02/2020, Accessed 05/08/2021.

Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Anthony J. Hall, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-treaties, Published Wed Nov 08 2017 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time), Accessed 05/08/2021.

Learning Activity 3

The Indian Act Explained. Copyright © The Agenda with Steve Paikin/The Ontario Educational Communications Authority (TVO). All rights reserved.

Idle No More Rally - Victoria, Thylacine/iStock Editorial / Getty Images Plus/Getty Images

First Nations protest in solidarity with Standing Rock, Josie Desmarais/iStock Editorial / Getty Images Plus/Getty Images

Learning Activity 4

Farming in Manitoba, plowing, Unknown photographer, URL: https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/CollectionSearch/Pages/record.aspx?app=FonAndCol&IdNumber=3615643, Published 1883, Accessed 23/08/2021. Library and Archives Canada / Ernest Brown fonds / e011303100-042_s2.

Métis scrip issued for the purchase of dominion lands, 1905, Dominion Lands Branch, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/metis-scrip-in-canada, Published 1905, Accessed 10/08/2021. R190-47-7-E.

Canada West: The Last Best West, Department of the Interior, URL: http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/advertis/ads3-08e.shtml, Published 1909, Accessed 05/08/2021. C-30620.

Fertile Canada, Department of the Interior, URL: http://sasksettlement.com/assets/archive_document/R28_Canada_The_Granary_Of_The_World_Booklet.pdf, Published 1903, Accessed 05/08/2021. Canada: The Granary of the World, December 1903, p. 30.

Western Canada: The New El Dorado, Department of the Interior, URL: http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/advertis/ads3-09e.shtml, Published ca. 1900s, Accessed 05/08/2021. TR 76/128.

Confederation, P. B. Waite, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/confederation-1867, Published 31/03/2017, Accessed 05/08/2021.

LINK:Settling the West: Immigration to the Prairies from 1867 to 1914, Erica Gagnon, URL: pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/settling-the-west-immigration-to-the-prairies-from-1867-to-1914, Accessed 05/08/2021. Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 © 2021 All Rights Reserved.

LINK:The Canadian Homestead Act, Gene Finke, URL: homesteadcongress.blogspot.com/2010/12/canadian-homestead-act.html, Published 17/12/2010, Accessed 05/08/2021.

Learning Activity 5

Councillors of the Provisional Government of the Métis Nation, William James Topley, URL: https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3194516&lang=eng&ecopy=a012854, Published 1870, Accessed 12/01/2026. PA-012854.

Battle of Batoche, 1885, Seargent Grundy, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Batoche_Print_by_Seargent_Grundy.jpg, Published 1885, Accessed 12/01/2026. MIKAN number: 2999644.

Officers of "B" Division, North-West Mounted Police. L-R: Insp. Wm. H Scarth; Insp. Z.T. Wood; Insp. W.H. Routledge; Insp. Courtland Starnes; A/Surgeon Dr. A. Thompson, H. J. Goetzman, URL: https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3195177&lang=eng&ecopy=a202188, Published 1900, Accessed 12/01/2026. PA-202188.

RCMP officers honoring falling officers, SHAWSHANK61/iStock Editorial / Getty Images Plus/Getty Images

Women in the RCMP, RCMP Heritage Collection Unit, URL: https://bonniereillyschmidt.com/research/, Published ca. 1974, Accessed 12/01/2026.

Learning Activity 6

Main Street, Amherstburg. Alvin D. McCurdy fonds, F 2076-16-6-2-44, Archives of Ontario, I0024850.

Home of John D. Bron on Texas Road, built by Nasa McCurdy. Alvin D. McCurdy fonds, F 2076-16-6-1, Archives of Ontario, I0026084.

Children in front of the Marble Village Coloured School, Essex County, Ontario, [ca. 1900], Alvin D. McCurdy fonds, F 2076-16-5-2, Archives of Ontario, I0024783.

St. Lawrence Hall National Historic Site of Canada, Parks Canada Agency, URL: https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=553, Published Fri Nov 04 2016 20:00:00 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time), Accessed 13/01/2026.

Frederick Douglass, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Published c. 1879, Accessed 13/01/2026.

Looking Back at Toronto’s Historic Anti-slavery Convention of 1851, Jamie Bradburn, URL: https://www.tvo.org/article/looking-back-at-torontos-historic-anti-slavery-convention-of-1851, Published 13/02/2020, Accessed 13/01/2026.

Levi Veney, a formerly enslaved man who lived in Amherstburg, [ca. 1898], Alvin D. McCurdy fonds, F 2076-16-5-2, Archives of Ontario, I0024830.

Underground Railroad: Routes to Freedom, National Geographic Society, URL: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/undergroundrailroad/, Published Mon Mar 11 2024 20:00:00 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time), Accessed 13/01/2026.

Harriet Tubman, Benjamin F. Powelson, URL: https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/harriet-tubman, Published c. 1868–69, Accessed 13/01/2026.

Why Harriet Tubman Made St. Catharines Her Home, Jamie Bradburn, URL: https://www.tvo.org/article/why-harriet-tubman-made-st-catharines-her-home, Published Mon Apr 01 2019 20:00:00 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time), Accessed 13/01/2026.

Portrait of Henry Bibb, Cincinnati Preservation Association, URL: https://stories.cincinnatipreservation.org/files/show/232, Published c. 1849, Accessed 13/01/2026.

Henry Bibb’s Voice of the Fugitive, Henry Bibb, URL: https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2020/02/14/portraits-of-black-canadians-episode-10/, Published 01/01/1851, Accessed 13/01/2026.

Excerpt from Voice of the Fugitive, April 22, 1852, Henry Bibb, URL: https://n2t.net/ark:/69429/m20250000687g4t, Published 22/04/1852, Accessed 13/01/2026.

Mary Ann Shadd Cary, Library and Archives Canada, URL: Mary Ann Shadd Cary (1823 – 1893) - Canada.ca, Published c. 1855-1860, Accessed 13/01/2026.

Mary Ann Shadd’s Provincial Freeman, Mary Ann Shadd, Published 02/09/1854, Accessed 13/01/2026.

How North America’s First Black Female Publisher Saw the ‘Road to Independence’, Ashley Okwuosa, URL: https://www.tvo.org/article/how-north-americas-first-black-female-publisher-saw-the-road-to-independence, Published Wed Sep 09 2020 20:00:00 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time), Accessed 13/01/2026.

Learning Activity 7

Sturgeon Falls, Ontario 1880s steam locomotive, Can​adian Pacific Railway, URL: https://cpconnectingcanada.ca/, Published ca. 1880, Accessed 06/08/2021.

1883 Ad for Canadian Pacific Railway, Pacific Railway of Manitoba, URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Land_Ticket.jpg, Published 1883, Accessed 06/08/2021.

1885 Poster for the Canadian Pacific Railway, Can​adian Pacific Railway, URL: https://smartcdn.prod.postmedia.digital/vancouversun/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/1885-canadian-pacific-poster-from-the-book-canadian-pacific1.jpeg?w=564&quality=90&strip=all&type=webp, Published 1885, Accessed 06/08/2021.

“Its Mine!” Advertisement in Britain, 1920s, for the Canadian National Railway, Can​adian Pacific Railway, URL: https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/advertis/ads7-04e.html, Published ca. 1920s, Accessed 06/08/2021. Glenbow Archives P-43468-1.

The Hidden History of Canada's Black Porters. Copyright © The Agenda with Steve Paikin/The Ontario Educational Communications Authority (TVO). All rights reserved.

The Last Spike, November 7, 1885, Alexander Ross, Library and Archives Canada, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-last-spike#, Published 07/11/1855, Accessed 06/08/2021. C-003693.

Learning Activity 8

Workers at looms, Unknown, William James family fonds (Fonds 1244), City of Toronto Archives, URL: https://7078.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=e0c5c49d-a2b8-4951-afdc-0601156ea683, Published 1908, Accessed 05/08/2021. Item 137.

The Inquiry Process, Ministry of Education, Government of Ontario, URL: http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/elementary/social-studies-history-geography-2018.pdf, Published 2018, Accessed 24/08/2021.

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