Grade 8 History Canada 1800s

Acknowledgements

Some images supplied by Getty Images. Other images, graphs, diagrams, and illustrations in this course, unless otherwise specified, are TVO created.

Learning Activity 1

Convention at Charlottetown, P.E.I, of Delegates from the Legislatures of Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island to take into consideration the Union of the British North American Colonies, G. P. Roberts, URL: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3192471&lang=eng, Published 01/09/1864, Accessed 03/09/2021. C-000733.

Fraser River Goldrush, Quincy Hall Clothing House, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fraser-river-gold-rush, Published 1858, Accessed 17/08/2021.

Poster Advertisement from Fraser River Goldrush Thumbnail, Quincy Hall Clothing House, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fraser-river-gold-rush, Published 1858, Accessed 17/08/2021.

The first Canadian Pacific Railway through train from the Atlantic to the Pacific, C.W. Mathers, URL: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3624694&lang=eng, Published 30/07/1886, Accessed 03/09/2021. C-014464.

Yonge Street, 1890, Wm. Notman & Son, McCord Stewart Museum, Published c. 1890, Accessed 21/01/2026.

Man on bicycle pulling sled near summit of White Pass Trail, ca. 1899, Pillsbury, Arthur C, Published c. 1899, Accessed 21/01/2026. Digital Collection: Arthur C. Pillsbury Photograph Collection.

Innisfail, Alberta railway station in the 1890s, Copyright holder unknown, Published c. 1890, Accessed 21/01/2026.

Ainsworth, about 12 miles south of Kaslo, Royal BC Museum, Published c. 1890, Accessed 21/01/2026.

Learning Activity 2

Steam Powered Tractor, Arthur Rafton-Canning, URL: http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=HS85/10/23180, Published 1910, Accessed 04/08/2021.

Street in Toronto in 1901, James Salmon, URL: https://gencat.eloquent-systems.com/city-of-toronto-archives-m-permalink.html?key=80746, Published 05/07/1901, Accessed 04/08/2021.

Young Child Pushing a bag of coal, John Joseph Kelso, URL: https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/CollectionSearch/Pages/record.aspx?app=FonAndCol&IdNumber=3194020, Published 1900, Accessed 04/08/2021. PA-118224.

Igloo Building, Sir George Hubert Wilkins, URL: https://epdf.pub/eskimo-architecture-dwelling-and-structure-in-the-early-historic-period.html, Published circa 1913, Accessed 04/08/2021.

Inuit Summer Dwelling, Hugh A. Peck, URL: http://collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/M2000.113.6.258/, Published 1909, Accessed 05/08/2021.

Learning Activity 3

Hon. Clifford Sifton, M.P. (Brandon, Man.) (Minister of the Interior) b. Mar. 10, 1861 - d. Apr. 17, 1927, William James Topley Studio, URL: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3424238&lang=eng, Published 1990, Accessed 05/08/2021. PA-027942.

Immigrant Campaign Poster, Government of Canada, URL: https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/advertis/ads2-05e.html, Published 1888, Accessed 05/08/2021.

Galician immigrants, William James Topley Studio, URL: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3193424&lang=eng, Published 1911, Accessed 05/08/2021. PA-010401.

All People's Mission in 1909, Heritage Winnipeg, URL: http://heritagewinnipeg.blogspot.com/2017/06/all-peoples-mission-and-manitoba.html, Published 1909, Accessed 05/08/2021.

Manitoba Indigenous Cultural Centre, Manitoba Indigenous Cultural Education Centre, URL: https://www.facebook.com/micec.mb/photos/1761238160590560, Published 08/08/2018, Accessed 05/08/2021.

British immigrant children from Dr. Barnardo's Homes at landing stage, Saint John, N.B, Isaac Erb, URL: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3193366&lang=eng, Published 1920, Accessed 05/08/2021. PA-041785.

Group of boys working in a field at the Philanthropic Society Farm School, Department of Employement and Immigration, URL: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=4456336&lang=eng, Published circa 1898, Accessed 05/08/2021.

Political Cartoon #1, The Globe, URL: https://www.canadashistory.ca/getmedia/92018597-5a37-48f0-8c90-d4f04330cf91/EduLPImmigration-Political-Cartoons.pdf.aspx, Published 19/05/1898, Accessed 05/08/2021.

Political Cartoon #2, Minister of the Interior, URL: https://www.canadashistory.ca/getmedia/92018597-5a37-48f0-8c90-d4f04330cf91/EduLPImmigration-Political-Cartoons.pdf.aspx, Published 1903, Accessed 05/08/2021.

Learning Activity 4

School children protesting against Regulation 17 in front of Brébeuf school in Ottawa, 1916, University of Ottawa, Published c. 1916, Accessed 15/01/2026. University of Ottawa, Fonds Association canadienne-française (C2), Ph2 142a.

Why Ontario once tried to ban French in schools, Daniel Kitts, OECA, URL: https://www.tvo.org/article/why-ontario-once-tried-to-ban-french-in-schools, Published 25/02/2016, Accessed 15/01/2026.

Two residents of Africville, Bob Brooks, Province of Nova Scotia, URL: https://archives-novascotia.shop/products/two-africville-children-with-seaview-african-united-baptist-church-and-houses-behind-it-in-the-distance, Published c. 1965, Accessed 15/01/2026. Bob Brooks Nova Scotia Archives 1989-468 vol. 16.

Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada from 1896 to 1911. William James Topley / Library and Archives Canada / C-001971.

Indian immigrants on board the KOMAGATA MARU in English Bay, Vancouver,British Columbia. 1914. Library and Archives Canada / PA-034015.

Komagata Maru Memorial, Destination Vancouver, URL: https://www.destinationvancouver.com/things-to-do/komagata-maru-memorial, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time).

[Canadian Pacific Railways] Black Porters, Government of Alberta, URL: https://hermis.alberta.ca/paa/PhotoGalleryDetails.aspx?st=A9167&ReturnUrl=%2fpaa%2fSearch.aspx%3fst%3dA9167&dv=True&DeptID=1&ObjectID=A9167, Published c. 1920, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time). Object Number: A9167.

Coloured Women’s Club of Montréal, Canadian Museum of History, URL: https://www.historymuseum.ca/teachers-zone/black-women-changemakers-of-the-19th-and-20th-centuries/creating-a-positive-black-identity/coloured-womens-club-of-montreal/, Published 1902, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time). Institution: Concordia University.

Oscar Peterson/Monday at Artpark. From the Toronto Star Archives. Collection: Toronto Star Photograph Archive.

Victoria’s Chinatown, City of Victoria Archives, URL: https://archives.victoria.ca/woman-and-children-walking-along-chinatown-boardwalk, Published c. 1900-1910, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time). Item M09494 - Woman and children walking along Chinatown boardwalk. Sourced from the City of Victoria Archives.

Chinese School in Victoria, 1909, City of Victoria Archives, URL: https://archives.victoria.ca/chinese-school-at-636-fisgard-street-grand-opening, Published 1909, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time). Item M05370 - Chinese School at 636 Fisgard Street, grand opening. Sourced from the City of Victoria Archives.

Pender Street, 1912, Photographer unknown, URL: https://localhistory.vpl.ca/list?q=chinese%20arch&p=1&ps=20&src_facet=Photographs&decade_facet=1910s&decade_facet=1900s&decade_facet=1890s, Published 1912, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time). Chinese street arch at Carrall and Pender. Collections: Early British Columbia and Vancouver Collection, Multicultural Canada Collection.

Africville Sea-Siders, 1922, Province of Nova Scotia, URL: https://archives.novascotia.ca/connors/archives/?ID=125, Published c. 1922, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time). Tom Connors: 'The Old Sport' Africville Sea-Sides, c.1922. Tom Connors Nova Scotia Archives 1987-218 number 133 / negative N-1726.

Ward neighbourhood, City of Toronto Archives, URL: https://7078.sydneyplus.com/archive/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AABC&record=2c266173-363e-46a2-899f-f3035b98e8b2&lang=en-CA, Published 1910, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time). The Ward. Archival Citation Fonds 1244> Item 596. Fonds consists of photographs taken by members of the William James family.

Commemorative stamp, 2021, Canada Post Corporation, URL: https://www.canadapost-postescanada.ca/cpc/en/personal/collectibles/stamp-stories/2021-01-22-black-history-willow-grove-nb-and-amber-valley-ab, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time). © Canada Post Corporation, 2025. Reproduced with permission.

Baseball team, Amber Valley, Alberta, University of Calgary, URL: https://digitalcollections.ucalgary.ca/asset-management/2R3BF1FPFT5R?&WS=SearchResults&Flat=FP, Published c. 1930, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time). Baseball team, Amber Valley, Alberta, [ca. 1930], (CU1153753) by unknown. Courtesy of Glenbow Library and Archives Collection, Libraries and Cultural Resources Digital Collections, University of Calgary.

An excerpt from ‘ARCHIVE: ‘Everyone knew everyone’: A researcher on the Black history of a Windsor neighbourhood, Kat Eschner, OECA, URL: https://www.tvo.org/article/archive-everyone-knew-everyone-a-researcher-on-the-black-history-of-a-windsor-neighbourhood, Published 28/02/2024, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time).

Delegates to the Amherstburg Regular Missionary Baptist Association at Windsor’s First Baptist Church, 1940, Alvin D. McCurdy, King's Printer for Ontario, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Delegates_to_the_Amherstburg_Regular_Missionary_Baptist_Association_(I0024377).jpg, Published c. 1940, Accessed Mon Nov 30 2026 19:00:00 GMT-0500 (Eastern Standard Time). Delegates to the Amherstburg Regular Missionary Baptist Association at Windsor’s First Baptist Church, 1940. (Archives of Ontario/Alvin McCurdy Fonds/F 2076 I0024377).

Learning Activity 5

A group of students and parents from the Saddle Lake Reserve, Woodruff, URL: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3194036&lang=eng, Accessed 25/08/2021. PA-040715.

Historic Treaties and Treaty First Nations in Canada, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, URL: https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1380223988016/1544125243779, Published 2013, Accessed 05/08/2021.

Portrait of a man and a woman with seven children and an infant standing in front of a bush, Osnaburgh House, Ontario, Robert Bell, URL: https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/CollectionSearch/Pages/record.aspx?app=fonandcol&IdNumber=4820353#shr-pg-pnlShareMain, Published 1886, Accessed 24/08/2021. e011156727.

Learning Activity 6

British North America Act, Union of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, URL: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Constitution_Act,_1867, Published 1867, Accessed 27/08/2021.

Students standing beside a garden, All Saints Indian Residential School, Geological Survey of Canada collection, URL: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3193659&lang=eng, Published n.d, Accessed 27/08/2021. PA-045174.

Kamloops Indian Residentil School, Copyright holder unknown, URL: https://www.kelownacapnews.com/news/remains-of-215-children-found-at-former-residential-school-in-kamloops/, Published 1930, Accessed 06/08/2021.

Listening to survivors, Nick Dunne, OECA, URL: https://www.tvo.org/article/for-children-and-our-future-patricia-ballantynes-walk-of-sorrow-for-residential-schools, Published 16/08/2021, Accessed 07/09/2021.

Orange Shirt Day, Province of British Columbia, URL: https://www.flickr.com/photos/bcgovphotos/30082781827, Published 30/09/2018, Accessed 27/08/2021.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, URL: http://blog.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/2011/10/, Accessed 06/08/2021.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada logo, National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation, URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_of_Canada, Accessed 06/08/2021.

Learning Activity 7

Salvation Army Women Singing in a Street, Corbis Historical/Hulton Deutsch/Getty Images

The Temperance Movement, Hillhurst Presbyterian Sunday school group, URL: http://ww2.glenbow.org/search/archivesPhotosResults.aspx?XC=/search/archivesPhotosResults.aspx&TN=IMAGEBAN&AC=QBE_QUERY&RF=WebResults&DL=0&RL=0&NP=255&MF=WPEngMsg.ini&MR=10&QB0=AND&QF0=File+number&QI0=NA-1639-1&DF=WebResultsDetails, Published circa 1912, Accessed 06/08/2021.

Children's Aid Publicity Display, Family and Children's Services of Guelph and Wellington County, URL: https://www.fcsgw.org/history-of-child-welfare-in-ontario-guelph-wellington/, Published 1940, Accessed 06/08/2021.

Lost Time Claims in Canada, Association of Workers' Compensation Boards of Canada, URL: https://awcbc.org/en/statistics/, Published 2019, Accessed 06/08/2021.

Life Around Dock Yard at Keranigonj in Dhaka, Bangladesh, saif6996/iStock Editorial / Getty Images Plus/Getty Images

Learning Activity 8

Agnes Macphail, Library and Archives Canada, URL: https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/commemorations-celebrations/women-impact/politics/agnes-macphail.html, Accessed 23/01/2026. e010792748.

Laura Secord, Library and Archives Canada, URL: https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/commemorations-celebrations/women-impact/trailblazers/laura-secord.html, Accessed 23/01/2026.

Newspaper Article - October 1897, The Mail and Empire, Broadview Press, Published 1998, Accessed 06/08/2021.

Women's Suffrage - 1850-1900 (National Council of Women group at Rideau Hall, Ottawa, Ont), William James Topley Studio, Library and Archives Canada, URL: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3366133&lang=eng, Published 1898, Accessed 06/08/2021. PA-028033.

Women's Suffrage - 1900-1909 (Suffrage Meeting), The Winnipeg Evening Tribune, University of Manitoba Libraries, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/suffrage, Published 1915, Accessed 06/08/2021.

Women's Suffrage - 1910-1919 (Four women in the Political Equality League as they present a petition), Foote and James Photographers, Archives of Manitoba, URL: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/suffrage, Published 23/12/1915, Accessed 06/08/2021.

Women's Suffrage - 1920-1929 (Now That We Are Persons), Nellie L. McClung, Farm and Ranch Review, URL: https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/from-the-archives-the-famous-five-fight-for-equal-rights, Published 02/01/1930, Accessed 06/08/2021.

Women's Suffrage - 1930's-1982 (Eleanor Roosevelt and United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Lake Success, New York), Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, URL: https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6120927, Published 1949, Accessed 06/08/2021.