Minds On

Area of a rectangle

Area is the amount of space that a two-dimensional shape takes up.

How do we calculate the area of a rectangle?

Consider what would happen if we cut that rectangle into two equal parts diagonally. What shape do you see inside the rectangle? How many of this shape are in the rectangle?

A rectangle with a diagonal line from the top left corner to bottom right corner making 2 triangles.

The formula for finding the area of a rectangle can be written as A = b × h, where b is the base (length) of the rectangle, and h is the height of the rectangle.

How can we write the formula for the area of a triangle if it is half of a rectangle?

Record your ideas in a notebook or a method of your choice.

Action

Calculating area

Task 1: Area of a triangle

Let’s explore a video where Teacher Robyn shares with us how to calculate the area of a triangle.

Consider the formula that Teacher Robyn shares. Why are we dividing by 2?

Record your ideas in a notebook or a method of your choice.

Press ‘Answer’ to reveal the step-by-step solution to the problem.

I know that the base of the triangle is 14 metres, and the height of the triangle is 6 metres, so I can use the formula A = b × h 2 (base multiplied by height, then divided by 2).

A r e a = b × h 2

A r e a = 14 m × 6 m 2

A r e a = 84 m 2 2

A r e a   =   42   m 2

The area of the swimming pool is 42 m2.

Task 2: Area of a parallelogram

A landscape designer is building a new plant box for a garden. It is important to know the area of the plant box to ensure it is the right size to fit in the garden. The plant box is a parallelogram.

Calculate the area of the parallelogram plant box. Can you divide the shape into parts and rearrange it to help calculate the area? You may wish to use pattern blocks, or another method of your choice.

Is it possible to split the shape into parts and create a more familiar shape by flipping, moving, or translating one of the parts?

After you have tested out some ideas, devise a formula similar to that of a triangle or rectangle that might work to calculate the area of the plant box. Record your ideas in a notebook or a method of your choice.

Congruent parallelogram with a 5 metre base and 3 metre height on a grid where 1 square equals 1 metre.

Press ‘Answer’ to reveal a possible step-by-step solution to the problem.

Before I begin my calculation, I know that each square is equal to 1 metre. Based on the shape of the parallelogram on the grid, I can estimate that the total area is approximately 16 m2.

I can split the parallelogram shape into two triangles on each end, and a square. I can use the grid to help me calculate the height of each triangle since I know that 1 metre = 1 square.

Parallelogram split into three sections; a 3 by 3 metre square, and two triangles with a 2 metre base and 3 metre height.

Triangle A:

A r e a = b × h 2

A r e a = 3 m × 2 m 2

A r e a = 6 m 2 2

A r e a   =   3   m 2

I can see that both triangles have the same area, so I can add 3   m 2 + 3   m 2 = 6   m 2 .

So, the total area of both triangles is 6 m2.

Square: I know that to calculate the area of a square, I can multiply the two sides.

3   m 2   ×   3   m 2 = 9   m 2

Now, I can combine the area of the two triangles and square.

6   m 2 +   9   m 2 = 15   m 2

This gives me 15 m2 as the total area of the parallelogram.

Task 3: Parallelograms and triangles

If we investigate a parallelogram more closely, it may help us to determine why we have to divide by two when we are using the formula for the area of a triangle.

Find some ways to divide a parallelogram into two equal shapes. Can you divide the parallelogram into two triangles? You may wish to use pattern blocks, manipulatives, or another method of your choice.

Can you develop a formula for the area of a parallelogram? Does the formula for the area of a triangle help you? Record your thoughts using a method of your choice.

Now that you have tried to develop your own formula, let’s explore the following video that relates the rectangle, parallelogram, and triangle area formulas.

What have you learned about the relationship between a rectangle, parallelogram, and triangle area formulas?

Record your ideas in a notebook or a method of your choice.

Consolidation

Independent practice

Use the following three descriptions, or find some examples of your own, of a rectangle, a parallelogram, and a triangle. You could also create your own rectangle, parallelogram, and triangle on paper and measure the dimensions.

Find the area of each figure. Record your ideas in a notebook or a method of your choice. Make sure you explain fully how you found each area.

What is the area of a rectangle with a length of 0.5 metres, and a width of 0.25 metres?

Rectangle with a length of 0.5 metres, and a width of 0.25 metres.

What is the area of a parallelogram with a base of 12 centimetres and height of 5 centimetres?

Parallelogram with a base of 12 centimetres and height of 5 centimetres.

What is the area of a triangle with a base of 8 metres and height of 3 metres?

Triangle with a base of 8 metres and height of 3 metres.

Connections

Using area in the real world

How could the area relationships between triangles, rectangles, and parallelograms be used in different professions?

Record your ideas in a notebook or a method of your choice.

Reflection

How do you feel about what you have learned in this activity?  Which of the next 4 sentences best matches how you are feeling about your learning? Press the button that is beside this sentence.

I feel...

Now, record your ideas about your feelings using a voice recorder, speech-to-text, or writing tool.